Dinosaurs - Hans Meinardus

0:42I don't know if y'all have noticed or not, but our society is becoming more secular. Is that a news flash to you guys? Have y'all noticed that? Okay. And by the way, I like audience feedback. So it's, and I notice you're not sitting on the front row. I think it's because I really spoke too loudly last time. Maybe splash. And some of you are Baptists in the very back, that back row Baptist. Do y'all have a sign seating?

1:11Yeah, do y'all like do certain families sit in certain places all the time? Yeah. And if someone sits in somebody's seat, it's like a big thing. It kind of shakes everybody up a little bit. So, train of thought. So, secular society. And there's some tension, okay? Because what we're hearing out of the popular media on the internet, streaming, science, the popular media that's science-based that's built for consumption, especially for our kids, is not always in line with what we're hearing here on a Sunday or on a Wednesday night.

2:02Is that correct? Am I correct in that? Okay? And so I see a lot of kids in the audience, and they're kind of like, Mr. Hans, let's get to the dinosaurs, okay? Right? Yeah. So I promise we're going to get there, but we're going to get there by going to this chapter in Peter, 1 Peter chapter 3, because Peter is talking into a culture much like ours, okay? Except they've been suffering more than we've suffered here.

2:31And so verse 13 says, who is there to harm you if you prove zealous for what is good? Okay? So the context here is that people are starting to feel the heat for standing up for the glory of God in general and for Christ as Lord and Savior in specific. Is that something that's happening in our culture? Yeah? Have you kind of starting to understand that if you stand for certain things, that you could get canceled? Right?

3:12But even if you should suffer for the sake of righteousness, you are blessed. And do not fear their intimidation, and do not be troubled. But sanctify Christ as Lord in your hearts, always being ready to make a defense to everyone who asks you to give an account for the hope that is in you, yet with gentleness and reverence. And so my thesis tonight is going to be that as we talk about this subject, which is a fascinating subject, everybody has come across some depiction of a dinosaur, right?

3:54It is something that has fascinated me for a long time, and it's something that fascinates a lot of young kids for a long time. And it's a very popular subject in the movies, is it not? The whole Jurassic Park thing, right? And so what I want to kind of achieve tonight is to kind of take dinosaurs back. Because I'm going to tell you something that is probably not that surprising to you, and that is that dinosaurs have been used.

4:30By the world, by the world system, and by Satan himself, to grab the attention of young people and turn their hearts away from the Lord. Okay, let's just put that on the bottom shelf. And we're like, oh, wait a minute, dinosaurs? Well, how so? And let me quickly add, too, what I'm going to talk about tonight is going to be a lot of paleontology, a lot about dinosaurs. And in actuality, we're going to talk about worldviews. Okay?

5:03And so at the end of this presentation tonight, I want you to come away with not the idea that we have a magic silver bullet to respond to any attack on the veracity of the Bible. Okay? There is not a magic bullet. So when I was younger and I came to these kind of things, creation talks, I was always on the edge of my seat listening for that one, like, gotcha, okay, I can go and tell somebody else this, and they're just going to be decimated and they're going to have to say, okay, I give up. I'm not going to be a secular humanist anymore.

5:46I accept Jesus. Are you ever going to be able to argue anyone into the kingdom? No. Whose job is it to convince people that Jesus is their Savior and Lord? The job of the Holy Spirit. Okay? I'm not the Holy Spirit. But I am asked by Peter to do what? Right here in verse 15, what am I asked to do? Be ready to make a defense. And by the way, in order to prepare to do that, what do I have to do first? Sanctify the Lord Jesus in my heart.

6:23So this is the posture that we're coming from going into this subject. We want to sanctify the Lord Jesus. What does sanctify mean? Somebody who's less than 12 years old. What is that? That's a big word. Sanctify. You have to say it kind of with a gravity, right? Sanctify. What does that mean? Somebody who's less than 12 years old. Can you tell me? Raise your hand. Yes, in the back. Okay? I didn't understand all of it, but I heard righteousness in there.

6:55Gradual growing in righteousness. Gradual growing, okay? So that's the process of sanctification. That's very good. So it just means to set apart, right, in a special way. Set apart. This book that I have up here is called the Holy Bible, right? The word holy is not because it looks like Swiss cheese. It doesn't. God doesn't have holes in him. Holy means set apart. And in a way that is completely. Unearthly. There is nothing like God. There's nothing like the Lord Jesus Christ. And so as we take that and we use that in our minds, then we're supposed to make a defense to everyone who gives us a chance to account for the hope that is in us.

7:50And so this is not a salvation issue that we're talking about today. It's an authority issue. Okay? Can you believe that the first 11 chapters of Genesis are not literal and still go to heaven? Yes, you can. But as I talk tonight about dinosaurs, I'm going to come at it from the perspective that what God said in the first 11 chapters of Genesis is literally true, that it is historical material. And that's going to put me at odds with almost everyone that is a practicing geologist.

8:36I'm a geologist by training. I have an undergraduate and a graduate degree from Texas AM University in geology. And I'm a weirdo because I believe that God created the earth in six literal days. Okay? Because he said it. That's what I read in the text. That's not the way I was. Train, by the way. And it took me a while to get to the point where the glasses that the professors fit on my head to look at the world around me were taken off and replaced with biblical worldview glasses. Okay?

9:16So the idea here at the onset as I talk through this is at the end of this presentation, I want you to be able to say, hey, we have a rational faith. Okay? And I can explain some of the big questions that you may have about dinosaurs in a way that matches up with what I read in my Bible. I don't have to play mental gymnastics. I don't have to check my brain at the door to be a scientist and to be a believer in Jesus Christ. Everybody with me? Okay? All right. So dinosaurs. Let's just do a little figure out how to turn this slide.

10:00Let's do a quiz for our young ones. Okay? What is that? Very good. That's a stegosaurus. Ting, you got it right. I don't have anything to give you. Usually I bring candy and I throw it, but this is church, so not camp. Yeah, okay, what's that? Yeah, it is a dinosaur. It is. Somebody said it. Triceratops. But Triceratops is actually being contested. It may not actually have been that there was a species of dinosaur that grew up looking like a Triceratops. The Triceratops may have been a juvenile of another type of dinosaur, okay, known as a Taurasaurus.

11:01And so, why am I bringing this up? Because, folks, at the base foundational kind of concept here is that what we're looking at are fossils. Okay, how many of you have ever seen a real fossil dinosaur? Okay, not in a museum. I was in the Fort Worth Museum of Natural History, and they have this beautiful articulated skeleton in their main hall, and it's an allosaurus. And it is just amazing. And I started looking at it, and I noticed that there were portions of this giant dinosaur skeleton that looked different than the other portions. And so I went up to one of the curators and I said, hey, how much of that... Fossil right there is real. And he said 20%.

12:07Wait a minute. So if you get a 20 on a test, is that good? If I get a 20 on a test, that's bad, right? So here's what I'm saying: that a lot of what we know about dinosaurs, we really don't know. We're just guessing. And in as everything else, where you have just a little few pieces of really messy-looking bones and rocks, you have people who are lumpers, and you have people who are splitters when they're classifying this information. Y'all probably have this fight at home, too. Some of you are lumpers, and some of you are splitters. I see some of the moms laughing. Yeah. Okay, moms, lumpers. What are lumpers?

12:57Organizationally. Yeah. Y'all have junk drawers. Okay? One junk drawer holds a lot of stuff. Right? It's organized. It's all the stuff that doesn't have a place anywhere else. Okay? That's lumper. What is a splitter? A splitter is every bone that's found is a new species. Whether it really is or not. Okay? So those are the kind of two extremes. And let me tell you that paleontologists, by Default are usually splitters. Why? Yeah, because you really don't get much recognition or grant money if you keep finding the same thing that everybody else has found. Okay? Now, there's not a nefarious motive there, but it's a career motive. And so, what we find is that a lot of times, now, as the paleontology has become more mature in its analysis, and we have more and more material that looks the same, what we're finding is that a lot of people back in the day took juvenile dinosaurs, baby dinosaurs, and made them into species that aren't actually there. Okay? Does that make sense to all? So, kids, what they did is they found a bunch of baby bones, and they thought they were different types of dinosaurs when they're really not. Does that make sense? So, how many dinosaurs are there, actually? Oh, by the way, what's this?

14:43Yeah, that's the new answer. For those of us who grew up on Fred Flintstone, this yeah, unfortunately, a bronosaurus is no longer actually a thing. Okay, they've been renamed. And by the way, Pluto is a planet, okay? This guy was formerly called Brontosaurus. And he's huge. He's 30 tons, 80 feet long. And there's almost 30 of these individuals that have been found in different places. A lot of them have been found in Patagonia. Okay? But they're actually, it's now, so that's even old news because now what we know is that they're actually two versions of the same type of dinosaur, with a pathosaurus just being a younger, smaller, and more juvenile specimen. Okay?

15:41So if you put these in context with what we have today, these were huge animals. What's the largest land animal today? Elephant. Look at the size of these creatures compared to the largest land animal alive today. That's pretty incredible, is it not? What's the largest dinosaur ever found? Does anybody know? One of the kids. No? Argentinosaurus. By the way, where did this guy get found? In Argentina. Yeah. 105 feet long, they have a specimen now that's 115 feet long. That's 100 tons of animal. That's a big animal.

16:53But dinosaurs also come in small sizes. In fact, the vast majority of dinosaurs are smaller than a sheep. And so we have two types of dinosaurs here. One that's about the size of a chicken. I don't know if they would have survived long in East Texas. But we have trouble with chickens surviving in East Texas, just in case you're wondering. All right. So we found all these fossils. And that's pretty exciting. By the way, a Trinosaurus rex, a complete, well, that's 78% complete. That's called complete, by the way. If you made a 78 on a test, that would be better than a 20, right? Yeah, so 78% complete skeleton of a Trinosaurus Rex just sold for $12 million.

17:49So if you find a dinosaur, you can give it to me, okay? I would love to have one. So we have all this fossil material. How do we know about these animals when we're looking at these fossils? Well, we have to have something going on in the background, okay? It's actually not even the background. So it's like software in your head. It's your world view. What you believe about the dinosaurs and how they got here and what happened to them, because that's a question, is it not? Because we don't see dinosaurs around us today, which is a good thing in terms of the Argentinosaurus, right? So, how did they get here? And what happened to them? So, if I show you a fossil, you can come up with a story about how that fossil got here and what happened to it, based on where you found it, but also based on what you believe to be true about the world. And that, my friends, is called a world view. So, when we're talking about dinosaurs and anything having to do with creation, people get this impression that, like, there's this fight over evidence. And over here, we have evolution, secular humanism. They have ideas about how things got here. Random chance. What happened to the dinosaurs? Well, an asteroid impact is what a lot of scientists think killed. The dinosaurs off. And so they think, well, they have this mound of evidence over here, and then you have the creationists over here, and they have the dinosaur bone, too.

19:42Okay? And the evolutionists want to say, well, the evidence is in our favor, and this is a giant weight of evidence over here. Look at all the papers we've written. Okay? Gigantic mound. And over here, well, you guys don't even write papers. Or you don't write papers in the journals that we read because we won't let you write papers. But anyway, everyone has the same evidence. Evidence is evidence. Okay? And evidence doesn't speak. Evidence has to be interpreted. And so what you say the evidence means is determined by your presuppositions, your assumptions, your faith, your starting points that you have to take by faith because there was no one around to see it happen. Does that make sense? Okay? So when we're talking about dinosaurs, we can interpret the dinosaur as being around a long time ago. In fact, the age of the dinosaurs ended around 65 million years ago.

20:59According To secular geology. Or we can say, hmm, well, the biblical worldview is that dinosaurs were created by God on day six when He created all the land animals. So we have the same evidence. Both worldviews have the same amount of evidence. It's just your starting points that determine where you end up to explain how they got here and what happened to them. So let's look at some of that evidence, okay? This is National Geographic. This came out in July of 1998 and it made a huge splash because this is a supposed dinosaur fossil.

21:51What just jumps out at you right away when you're looking at this dinosaur fossil? Yeah, it has feathers. Looks like a giant mutated chicken with really long legs. Might have survived in East Texas. Okay? And look, look at the. This is the front cover of National. By the way, is this like a little backwater journal that no one reads? Is this like the back aisle of the library no one ever reads? Knows what National Geographic, whereas National Geographic a pretty prestigious thing. Okay?

22:37And what are they saying there? They're saying that this fossil proves that dinosaurs are still with us. Okay? Newsflash, did you know that dinosaurs are still here? They are. According to modern secular paleontology, dinosaurs have now taken their place on your bird feeder. And I'm not kidding. Dinosaurs and birds have now been placed in the same clade. Okay? Taxonically, they are related according to secular paleontology. And this is the start of it. In fact, if you watch Jurassic Park, you can see the paleontologist, I think it's the actor Jeff Bloomberg. Is that right?

23:30Goldbloom. Yeah. Also, a good German name. And he gets out, and what does he see? He sees the dinosaurs swirling around. What does he say? He geeks out because they're exhibiting what? Bird-like behavior. Okay, and so what is that movie selling you? It's selling you the concept that the dinosaurs evolved into birds. And here, front and center, is the fossil that. Kicked it all off. Except that the fossil was a fake. It was a real fossil, it was just a composite.

24:17Somebody glued pieces of different animals together and then sold it to paleontologists who were good paleontologists, good scientists, and they got to National Geographic to publish this giant splash of a story that wasn't true. Now think about that for a second. How did National Geographic get hoodwinked into putting a fake fossil on their front cover? Because people with presuppositions see what they want to see. And so this fossil was accepted in an unqualified manner because it showed what paleontologists had been dreaming and hoping for, in that it was proof that. Dinosaurs were evolving into birds.

25:36So, are scientists ever wrong? This Time magazine hit my mailbox shortly after I graduated. Okay? And I graduated from AM, and I had a class in paleontology, and we had a whole unit on dinosaurs, and I was taught that as this is the truth. And then this thing hits, and I read, surprise, everything, just about everything you believe is wrong. Wait a minute, but that was taught to me as truth. So now you're wanting me to throw that out and put a new truth in its place?

26:23Does anybody feel uncomfortable with that definition of truth? It's a little squishy, don't you think? Rewriting the book on dinosaurs. Forget what you knew, they weren't necessarily cold-blooded or pea-brained, and they may not really be extinct. So, this is the early phases of the push to get dinosaurs into the bird genre. Well, so where did dinosaurs actually come from? And did they really evolve into birds? Well, We have excellent fossils of dinosaurs. There's thousands of nearly complete skeletons of different types, many thousands of partially complete skeletons, and there's about four to seven hundred different dinosaur species. Okay? So if we have really, really good fossils, if dinosaurs really evolved over time, would we not have evidence of that in the fossil record? Can we say the fossil record is incomplete, like Darwin said? Not anymore. Okay?

27:42So by the time that the 70s, mid-70s rolled around, there was enough fossil evidence for the paleontologists to writing textbooks. This is vertebrate history. Here's the quote. Paleontologists have virtually no clues to the origin of the ornithology. Ornithods, bird-hipped dinosaurs. They appear in the fossil record in increasing numbers after the middle of the Jurassic period, already structurally distinct. So there are two different types of dinosaurs. There's the sauropods and the theropods. The sauropods are the four-footed ones. Collimer feet, collimer skeletal structure. The theropods are the bipedal ones, and they're called ornithids, which means bird-like because they have bird-like hips. Now, which ones do the scientists say evolved in the birds?

28:52The ornithods? No. The bird-hipped ones did not evolve into birds. They just faked the paleontologist out for a little while. And if you look at the fossil record, this is a tree of life, okay? And when you look at a tree of life, unless you actually color in the fossil evidence, you see a tree. But when you color in the actual fossil evidence, you see a comb. Okay? Why is that? Because there's really no fossils at the branches where the forks are.

29:50Okay? Another way of saying that is something you've probably heard before, and that is there's an amazing lack of transitional forms. Have you heard that before? The missing links. Do you know why it's called missing link? Because it's missing. Okay? So the links. See the presupposition? There's links. They're missing. Okay? What does the word link presuppose? It presupposes that you have common ancestry. So when you talk about dinosaurs coming onto this planet and the age of the dinosaurs becoming a thing and flowering, what you're talking about in terms of that worldview, the evolutionists say that they started out as small little reptiles and they branched out and you have all these different family groups that eventually become the different clades of dinosaurs. And by the way, there's a huge fight now. Some people say there's only two classes of dinosaurs and some people say there are five.

30:56So it's a huge debate. It's very messy. Why is it messy? Well, look at the graph or the picture here. What do you see? You see people that are trying to link things that are missing. Okay? So if you close your eyes just a little bit to get rid of the black lines, what you see there is maybe creation on the sixth day. Okay, God gave animals an in an amazing ability to adapt to their environment. But that ability resides in the animal. It's not the environment that's selecting. Because selection implies that you have a will, a mind. Okay? So, kids, if your mom gives you a choice between ice cream and broccoli, you get to make a choice. What are you going to choose?

32:04Somebody said broccoli. Okay. I know your mom's sitting next to you, okay? So you get to choose ice cream or broccoli. If you tell your pet rock, by the way, rocks make great pets. They do. Because they stay right where you put them. You never have to feed them. They don't piddle on the carpet. They don't run away. And they're always happy to see you. So you ask your pet rock, what's your choice, ice cream or broccoli? What's the pet rock going to say?

32:38Nothing. The rock can't select. Nature is a collection of inanimate objects. And even though we call it mother nature, there's nothing motherly about the collection of innate objects. And so to say natural selection implies that the Can choose, that collection of objects can choose. Does nature select things? No, that's a metaphysical concept. The choice or the ability to adapt into an environment resides inside the animal, not in the environment. And so, we recognize that there are boundaries that the Lord put in place, and those boundaries he called kinds. And aren't you glad that those boundaries exist? Okay?

33:53This is a giant chicken. By the way, I have this thing with chickens. The McGee's have chickens. I was so fascinated. They were running around their property. And this is Gigantoraptor Rulinissis, a giant ovaraptosaur from the late Cretaceous of China. This comes, by the way, from the giant fountain of knowledge called Wikipedia. Okay? And so, if you look at this animal and the artist's rendition, Here, what do you see? A giant chicken. Right? Kids, does this look like a chicken? It looks like a dinosaur with feathers, does it not? Okay, so what's the impression that Wikipedia is giving you here?

34:49That they found a bird that looks, or a dinosaur that looks like a giant chicken. Okay? So when you actually go into the article, it says gigantoraptor had long arms, bird-like legs, a toothless jaw, and probably a beak. Ooh, there's a scientific word, probably. There are no clear signs as to whether it was feathered. Wait a minute. Let's go back and look. Do you see feathers? I see feathers. So, why did they put feathers on it?

35:36What does that mean? There were no clear signs that it was feathered. What does that mean? When they dug it up, they did not find any feathers with it. Did they find any indication that it had feathers? No. Did they find any feather attachment points? Because if you ever look at the arm bones of a bird, you can kind of see indented into the birds. The bones, you can see the attachment points of the primary flight feathers. Okay? They're little knobs.

36:08Were those found? So, why did they put feathers on it? Because of its close affinity to other dinosaurs known to have been feathered. Other dinosaurs have been feathered? We'll talk about that for a second. Here is the sum total of the parts that they found in gray on that drawing in the middle. So, that's the collection of bones that they found of Gigantoraptor Saurus. Does that look like a chicken to you? No. One of the things that makes it not a chicken is the way that its legs actually are outside its body. Did you know that a chicken has the majority of its legs inside its body? What you're looking at is when it's running around is its ankles. Its knees are inside its body. Did you know that? I didn't know that until somebody who likes chickens told me that. So the way that it's holding itself is not bird-like at all. In fact, when you think about how a dinosaur might have evolved into a bird-like, You have all sorts of problems. First of all, were dinosaurs cold-blooded?

37:37The indications are that they were. Are birds cold-blooded? How do you transition an animal from a metabolism that's cold-blooded to a metabolism that's warm-blooded and have a viable series of steps? In other words, an animal that can survive while it's transitioning. There are bird-hipped versus lizard-hipped dinosaurs, and supposedly the ones that were lizard-hipped evolved into birds. Avian lungs are flow-through lungs. Dinosaur lungs were bellows like ours. Okay, so a bellow lung means that you breathe in and your lungs expand, and you breathe out, and your lungs collapse. It's like a bellow. Okay, that's not the way bird lungs work. Bird lungs work like the diagram here.

38:37In one way, it's a one-way system of flow, and out another. So they don't respirate with the diaphragm. Okay? So, how do you change an animal to have an avian lung when it had a bellow lung to start with? What does it do while it's changing while the lung is changing? Yeah. Other problems, rib cage, hip, thigh structure, and a three-fingered hand that becomes a flight made for flight. So let's talk about feathers on dinosaurs. This right here is a Chinese dinosaur fossil. By the way, that's what a real dinosaur fossil looks like. Isn't that impressive? Looks kind of like a dog's breakfast after the dog's eaten it.

39:46And this is the very earliest dinosaur fossil that is said to have feathers. And if you look carefully, what they're calling feathers are those smudges. Do you see the smudges? If I had a laser pointer here, I'd point out the smudges, but they're the dark, carbonized, kind of feathery-looking things, right? And when they say feathers, by the way, obviously they don't mean the feathers like you and I think of as feathers, because feathers supposedly evolved. So what we see today is E, okay, a fully formed feather. That is very, very complex. If you ever want to wow yourself, you can get a microscope and look at the structure of a feather. It's fascinating. It has all sorts of little hooks and barbules to make an airfoil.

40:45If you are trying to move air, you can't have air flowing through the feather, and you have to hook everything together so that it can push air. It's a very complex object. So, how do you evolve a feather? Well, apparently, you start with a fiber that somehow got to be hollow. Okay? Green laser pointer. Green laser pointer. Ooh, right there. Okay? And then, through some mechanism, that thing became frayed like this, and so it looks kind of like a thistle. And then later on, the little frays got little branches. And then they got all hooked up, and the shape, aerodynamically, just the right shape to become an airfoil with a primary shaft that was hollow. So, what does a fossil record have in it? What have we found?

41:50Have we found A? No. What have we found in the fossil record? We found This fiber, but without it being hollow. So, even the very first step, a hollow fiber has not been found in the fossil record yet. Have we found B? No. Have we found C? No. We have E, and we have a precursor to A. That's what we actually have in the fossil record. And so, when you look at this dinosaur fossil, what they're saying is, well, this is actually proto-feather, okay? Dino fuzz.

42:30And when they did some imaging, they thought they might be able to see that some of the fibers were hollow, but it turned out that that wasn't really hollow. And when these were imaged, it turns out that that dinosaur was rotting when it was placed into the sediment and buried. And so its skin started falling off. And what was thought to be dino fuzz was actually collagen. What is collagen? It's the stuff that holds you together. It's the connective tissue. And when it rots, it just kind of falls and flays open. And when it gets fossilized, it looks kind of like fuzz. And so that's how they came up with the very first feathered dinosaur. So here's this, by the way, this guy right here is on. On a one-man crusade to try to change the entire face of paleontology because he is an evolutionary expert in birds, and he says there's no way that dinosaurs could have become birds. Okay, and this is his conclusion. But he's a minority of you. Most paleontologists accept this story, and so what they've started to do is they find true birds in the fossil record and they put them into the dinosaur category. The problem is that in actuality, all sorts of birds are found in the same layers as dinosaurs. Okay? So, what have we found in the same layers as dinosaurs? Sandpipers, loons, ducks, flamingos, cormorants, albatrosses? Are those all true birds? Yes. So we have what's called a founder problem. In other words, you can't be your own grandpa.

44:28Okay? If you have the ancestor in the same layer as the descendant, there's a problem. Okay? And that's what's going on here. Also, the age of the dinosaur, supposedly this massive reptile world where they were king and the mammals were like small little rodent-like creatures just eking out an existence, waiting for their turn, hoping not. To get eaten. But we found a mammal that ate a dinosaur. So, what does this tell us? Well, it tells us that in actuality, what God said he did was to create land animals on day six. That's when the dinosaurs were created, which is kind of mind-blowing. Because that means that there were people and dinosaurs around at the same time, which I don't have a problem with because I grew up with Fred Flintstone, right?

45:41But can that be true? Well, we'll talk about that in just a second. So, what killed them? Was it an asteroid impact? If you look at dinosaur tracks today, how many of you have been to Glen Rose to see the dinosaur tracks there? Okay? They're exquisite. You can see the mud pushed up between their toes. And here you have dinosaur tracks in this quarry. And in this case, not only are there dinosaur tracks, but it's obvious that the dinosaurs were swimming in a moving current, and there are drag marks of big logs and things and branches being pulled along in the same direction that the dinosaurs are swimming.

46:30Interesting, is it not? So, you know what the story on the signs is at Glen Rose? The story is that the dinosaurs walked across a tidal flat. It was muddy and they left their footprints behind. And then, over time, they were covered over many millions of years. And then, many millions of years later, they were eroded. And now we can look at them because they're differentially, they were covered with soft sediment that eroded away. They hardened in hard sediment, and now we can all say, dinosaur footprints.

47:00So, think about that for a second. The geological explanation is a tidal flat. What is a tidal flat? Where do we find tidal flats? On the ocean boundaries, right? Beaches. Big, like Galveston Bay, mud flat. Okay? So, the hunters among the crowd who track animals, how long does a track persist in the environment today? It could be, yeah, if it's raining, maybe a week. But a tidal flat, the operative word there is tide. Okay? How often does the tide come in? Twice a day. So, if it's a tidal flat, how long will that footprint last? Less than 12 hours. Okay, that doesn't take rocket science to figure out.

47:56So, for you to have an exquisitely placed dinosaur, Dinosaur footprint at Glen Rose Dinosaur Valley State Park. Could that footprint actually have existed in the environment and waiting around for it to be covered up for millions of years? No, it had to have been buried rapidly within 12 hours. And by the way, when you look at all those footprints, they're all going in the same direction. And topographically, they're running toward high ground. All the dinosaurs are moving in the same direction, and it's topographically up.

48:34And all their footprints are covered immediately within 12 hours by a massive amount of sediment. Wow, these dinosaurs were swimming. One of the world's largest dinosaur graveyards is the Centrosaurus skeleton that are distributed over 568 acres in Alberta. And an immense herd of these dinosaurs were covered and buried rapidly. And so they said, oh, this is a local flood. A catastrophic storm made a quick flood and it drowned all of these animals within 500. By the way, how many of you are cattle ranchers here? Anyone lost a herd of cattle in a Area of 538 acres, so many that it covers the entire area in a flood. Have you ever seen that happen?

49:39No, that can't be a local flood. It's a flood, but it's not local. If you go to Dinosaur National Monument in Colorado, what you see is disarticulated dinosaur bones. That means they're not attached to each other anymore, and they are deposited in ocean dirt. In fact, most dinosaurs are found in ocean dirt. That's a technical term, ocean dirt. The best preserved dinosaur comes out of a mine in Canada. This is a notosaur, and it is exquisite. You can see its eyeball there. It had the remains of its last meal, some flowering plants. This is a 3,000-pound land animal.

50:34Now, look at how scientists explain how come this was found in deep ocean sediments. Must have been swept away by a flooded river and carried out to sea where it eventually sank. Over millions of years on the ocean floor, minerals took the place of the dinosaur armor and skin, preserving it in lifeline form. This giant hunk of meat floated out to. Sea and wasn't eaten or scavenged and slowly sank to the bottom where it was not eaten or scavenged and then buried to where we can have the best preserved dinosaur ever. Here's my explanation: it got tipsy and fell off a cruise ship.

51:26How do you get a land animal in the middle of an ocean? Did you know that there are references to animals that look that are described like dinosaurs in the Bible? Look it up in Job. Okay? And there are different cultures that have dragon stories. The Chinese have dragon stories, the English have dragon stories, the Vikings have dragon stories, how to train a dragon. What did they do? Did they all get together in antiquity and say, let's all come up with the same legend? Legendary animal.

52:08Or could it be that people actually saw animals that they described as dragons? These are dinosaurs. So I've kept you for a long time, and I have a lot more slides to say. Let me show you this. What is that? That thing right there. Kids? That's a Stegosaurus. That is on a Cambodian temple that it was carved in 900 AD, and it's surrounded by animals that are found still in the jungle there. Isn't that cool? So, here's, I'm going to end here. There's a whole segment here on the fact that paleontologists have found actual soft tissue blood vessels and blood cells and DNA and proteins in dinosaur bones, trinosaurus racks bones. Okay, and forensic science tells us that DNA and soft tissue does not persist in the environment for very long. So there's now a situation where scientists have to decide: are the dinosaurs really 65 million years old? And there's just a mechanism that we don't know about that preserves them for that long and their DNA for that long? Or could it be that the dinosaurs are really not that old? What are they choosing to believe? That there's an unknown mechanism that is preserving dinosaurs, the blood cells of dinosaurs for 65 million years. Okay? Why is that true? Because that's their faith. So here's what I believe. Believe that Noah brought dinosaurs on his ark. He didn't have to bring very big ones, and he didn't have to bring all the different kinds, species, just a couple of kinds. And when he let them out, the world had completely changed. They existed for some time, not in the same environments as humans, because most of them had been killed during the flood. Those are the ones that we find now, the buried ones. There were enough around living environments away from humans that gave rise to the dragon stories that every culture has.

54:32And they eventually died out because the world that was after the flood was very different than the world that was pre-flood. That's a different paradigm, but it's cool to think about, is it not? All right. Thank you for your patience. Thank you for listening carefully. I'll stay behind to answer questions. I'll close in prayer. Okay? Heavenly Father, thank you for your majestic animal that teaches us about your creation, that you are powerful and you are mighty. We're thankful that we have evidence that we can interpret as being your handiwork. We're thankful that we can come up with interpretation that lines itself up with what you've written in your word. And so as we go out from here, Help us to understand that dinosaurs don't have to turn minds away from you, and that loving dinosaurs and learning more about them can be an exercise in glorifying you. We pray these things in Jesus' name. Amen.

55:47Thank you, guys.