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0:59He is Idumean. In other words, he's descended from the Edomites. And, of course, during the Hasmonean period, which is that intertestimonial, not intertestimonial, intertestamental period between the Old Testament and New Testament. You briefly have Israel reasserting its independence again under the Hasmonean priest-kings. And Antipater or Antipater was a general made sort of like a prime minister. The last of the high priest kings and Hyconus, and he basically manages to put his really four sons. We're only going to talk about one of them, that's Herod, into positions of power. And ultimately, one of those sons, Herod, becomes Herod the Great. And we've already been through all that, don't care to go through that in too much detail again. By the way, I have these PowerPoints, anybody wants them.

2:00Basically, where we're picking up, and last time went through the actual biography of Herod, just how horrible and terrible he was. And of course, let's see, this thing's stopped working already. Okay. So, next slide, if we could. Still not working. Technology is great when it works. Okay. Yeah, it does fine on my laptop. That's not going to have a few of mine separate. It's not hooked in. Okay, I had this cause last time, but couldn't see it back there. Okay, so it's working again. So you have, of course, Herod, I think we already know. Just recap real briefly. He's the one who killed all the. And by the way, what I did the research on this is pretty amazing. The more recent scholarship, actually, it's not even recent.

3:01They want to try to deny the killing of the infants. They say, there's only one source for this. Well, guess what? Almost everything on Herod, there's only one source for. We go to Josephus, and nobody questions Josephus, except, of course, when Josephus is the extra, extra-biblical source for, yes, there was a crucifixion and a resurrection. And, of course, they say, oh, well, those Christians stuck that in there later. Basically, in ancient documents, this is what you go by. If an ancient source shows itself to be reliable over multiple periods of time and in multiple instances, you trust that ancient document. And guess what ancient document has proven to be the most trustworthy and most reliable and proven true time and time again? It is the Old Testament and the New Testament. But guess which one scholars always want to, you know, poo-poo and say, oh, you can't trust this. It's the same one. So, you know, what it is is hostility and bias, which, you know, we as Christians should be quite used to. But it still irritates me, though.

4:07Anyway, you got, of course, Herod is the one who builds this just incredible city on the sea where there was no harbor, Caesarea, Maritima. And of course, Jesus walked on the streets of that city. Of course, he built the incredible temple. He built the fortress at Masada, which we're not going to have time to look at this time. And I also went over the ground. Fortress of the Herodian, which literally its shadow cast over Bethlehem where Jesus was born, and quite likely the soldiers that came and killed the infants were stationed there at the Herodian. All right, so much for Herod, and I'm not working again. Oh, there we go. Oh, I'm looking at this and not looking at that. Okay, so let me make sure. Let's see. So let me, oh goodness, I'm working real well. Let's see. So we got, first off, let's take care of Salome. You got the wicked, evil Salome. Okay. Then you got her daughter, who's pretty bad. And then you got the good Salome. All right. Now, mostly in the Bible, it refers to just two of the Salome's. The first Salome is a sister of Herod the Great, and she was terrible. She's the one who helped him or convinced him to get rid of his second wife, Mariami. You know, the one that he put in a vat of honey so he could look at her even after she's dead. And he was a weird guy. And then you got her also helping persuade him to kill her two sons by Mariami. And then you have Salaami. And let me catch up here. You have the Salaami. Who is, we think, and this is inference, that she is actually the mother of the sons of Zebedee, right? James and John. And she's mentioned, well, of course, that's in Mark 27, 55 through 56. No, that's 15, that's Matthew. Matthew 27, 55 through 56, and then Mark 15, 40. And I think we all know the story.

6:26She requested for her sons two seats of honor, Christ's right hand, left in his kingdom, shared with her sons in his rebuke, but was not less zealous in her attachment to him. Okay. All right. And she's also specifically mentioned Salaami is at the crucifixion, beholding afar off. And she's also there, you know, at the sepulcher in the early morning, you know, after the resurrection. So Salome, that Salome is a great Salome. The other Salome, however, here we go, that is the daughter of Herodias. Okay? And we're going to talk a little bit about Herodias. And she's mentioned not just in the New Testament, she's also mentioned Josephus. And she's the one that danced before Herod and Tepas, and at her mother's instigation asked for John the Baptist's head, you know, after the dance. And this Salome then goes on after that, the daughter Herodias that danced for Herod and Tepas. Tepas and marries Herod's brother, Philip II, or she marries an uncle. Herodias also married an uncle. We're going to get into that in just a second. Okay, now here's the family tree. It gets very, very confusing. By the way, this is greatly reduced. I cut out a whole bunch of the other family names, try to keep this simple. You got Herod the Great.

7:53Oh, yeah, that's right. Thanks. Herod the Great. And I need to put this pointer up here. Anyway. All right. You got this is very confusing. Herod the Great. You got, these are just some of his wives. Remember, he had over 10 wives. You got Mariami, the Hasmonean princess, and had two sons by her, and that's Aristobulus, and I don't have the other one, which is Alexander. But Aristobulus had two kids that are going to come in or talk today. That's Agrippa I and Herodias. Agrippa I and Herodias are the children of Aristobulus, who is executed by Herod.

8:45But those two children survive, and they're going to play a role. And then you got the second Mariami, and she's the daughter of a high priest. And the result of that is going to be Herod Philip. Going to see he doesn't play any role. And then we got over here Maltris. She's a Samaritan, and that's where Herod Antipas comes from, and Archelis. Archelis and Herod Antipas come from Maltris, and they're half Samaritan, which you know that went over great with the Jews. And then you got Cleopatra of Jerusalem, is another wife, and that's where you get Herod Philip II. And we will talk a little bit about him. And you'll notice that there's a lot of intermarriage. You know, you're going to have Herodias first marrying the guy on the far end, Herod Philip II, and then you're going to have Herod Antipas steal her away, and then he marries her. Or she's married two different uncles. Okay? All right, so they keep it in the family. And so let's keep on going.

9:57All right, this should simplify for you a whole bunch here in terms of the Herods. Because a bunch of them, and by the way, almost all these, except for the Philips, well, no, actually, they also, all these would, even though you don't have that, they would later put Herod in front of their name. So you got Herod, Philip, Herod, Antipas. It's actually supposed to be Herod Archelis as well. And I think they did that to, you know, reference back to their father, who's Herod the Great. But the first three don't get to do it because the first one gets killed by Herod. Herod, the father kills a son. The second, Aristobulus, he's killed by his father. The third one is disinherited. Actually, I guess he's the luckiest of them. Okay, and so what we're going to be talking about today is Herod Antipas and Archelus, Herod Archelus, and Herod Philip the first, and Herod Philip II.

10:55Okay. All right, so in other words, Archelaus got half the kingdom, and then you got Herod Philip getting one-fourth, and then Herod Antipas, he gets one-fourth. Is that clear? And that Salome got, I don't know what her section is called, but anyway, and she doesn't live very much longer anyway. So you got the son of Herod the Great, Maryami II, daughter of the high priest Simon, and this is Herod Philip. He is not a take art. He doesn't get anything. Basically, his mother tried to pull a plot against Herod the Great, and so he was on the outs because of what his mother did.

11:42But he does married Herodias. He's the first husband of Herodias. He's also her uncle. She's his niece. And he's excluded. So we don't really need to talk about him too much because he doesn't do that much. So go to the next one. And we get to Herod and Tepas I. And he is mostly remembered because he's the one who imprisons John the Baptist. And, of course, you can see the scripture references there. That's also mentioned Josephus.

12:18Josephus, I keep mentioning Josephus, he's one of the greatest ancient historians of that period. He was actually part of the great Jewish Rebellion. We're going to find out later on that he is personal friends with Herod Agrippa II. They were very, very close friends, even though they started out the war on opposite sides. Of course, Josephus safely, quickly, by the end of the Great Jewish Rebellion, has switched sides back to the Romans. And so he survives and then later goes on and writes his Antiquities, which is really very readable even today. You know, and I'd recommend that to you. It covers so much of the time period. But anyway, you have Herod and Tipas. He's going to imprison John. And why don't we just go ahead and go with that story, Jackson? You've got the mic. Why don't you read this for us?

13:12Remembered for the imprisoning. This is King James, by the way. Remembered for the imprisoning. I'm sorry. That's what you're supposed to be reading. I don't have my glasses. This is another problem. Back here. Okay. All right, go ahead. At that time, Herod the Tetrarch heard. Of the fame of Jesus, and said unto his servants, This is John the Baptist. He is risen from the dead, and therefore mighty works do show forth themselves in him. For Herod had laid hold on John and bound him, and put him in prison for Herodias' sake, his brother Philip's wife. For John said unto him, It is not lawful for thee to have her. And when he would have put him to death, he feared the multitude because they counted him as a prophet.

14:03But when Herod's birthday was kept, the daughter of Herodias danced before them and pleased Herod, whereupon he promised with an oath to give her whatsoever she would ask. And she being before instructed of her mother, said, Give me here John the Baptist's head in a charger. And the king was sorry, nevertheless, for the oath's sake, and them which sat with him at meet, he commanded it to be given her. And he sent and beheaded John in the prison, and his head was brought in a charger and given to the damsel, and she brought it to her mother.

14:46And his disciples came and took up the body and buried it and went and told Jesus. When Jesus heard of it, he departed thence by ship into a desert place apart, and when the people had heard that Thereof, they followed him on foot out of the cities. Okay. Now, in that beautiful passage, there, does anyone know, you know, Jesus leaves? And you can't tell for sure the impression seems to be, you know, Jesus is, you know, John the Baptist, he was close to. You know, and so he, I would think Jesus went away to kind of meditate and pray, but the crowds follow him. You know, he doesn't even get a break. All right, they follow him. And does anybody remember what that is a setting for?

15:39That is the setting for the Sermon on the Mount. That incredibly beautiful passage, which we wish we had time to go through, but this is more of a history lesson today, so we're not going to do this. Now, Herod and Tipas, so we, you know, he's bad enough because he kills John and that whole situation. By the way, Herodias is now his wife. He seduced her, stole her from his half-brother, Philip, and Salome came with her, but Salome is actually Philip's daughter. All right, do you understand that?

16:14And so she's later going to go ahead and marry another Herod Philip, Philip II. So it gets kind of confusing. But anyway, now, in terms of relationship to Jesus, you see Herod Antipas popping up three times. That we just read one event where Jesus is going to leave and go, and of course, you have the Sermon on the Mount. The other instance, let's see, is when after this, it's kind of strange to me because Jesus was already around, but Herod, when he starts hearing about Jesus, of course, I'm sure he doesn't hear about Jesus until later. Apparently, Herod Antipas has a very guilty conscience, and when he hears about the miracles of Jesus and all this is brought to him, he thinks that Jesus is who? Anyone recall from Scripture? John the Baptist. Yeah, John the Baptist reincarnated, I guess. Okay, and so then the second event that you hear of Jesus and Herod Antipas in the Bible is on his final journey to Jerusalem. You know, the Pharisees come to Jesus and warn him that he better get out of Dodge, that Herod Antipas is after him. And Jesus famously says, Go tell that fox he will continue his ministry of healing the sick and casting out demons. And then the final event that we hear of Herod Antipas is when, of course, Jesus has been brought before Pilate, and Pilate decides, you know, he doesn't see any reason for Jesus being condemned. And, you know, this is a hot potato for Pilate for a host of reasons. You've got to remember that Pontius Pilate was an appointee by. This guy back in Rome, Sejanus, who was trying to take over the government from Tiberius Caesar. Tiberius is, you know, successor to Augustus Caesar, but he had gone into seclusion. He, frankly, was very weird, secluded himself on the island of Capri, and he allowed this guy, Sejanus, to pretty much run things for him. And Sejanus made a lot of governmental appointees, one of which was Pontius Pilate to Judea. Well, then Sejanus gets really, I guess you could say, the big head. He decides he's running the government so well, why do I need Tiberius? Apparently, he began plotting to overthrow Tiberius. The Praetorian Guard, which is a special guard for the emperor, caught wind of it, and they warn Tiberius, apparently in the nick of time. And Tiberius kills Sejanus and then orders a purge of all Sejanus' supporters. And part of that involved a bunch of his appointees just being hunted down and executed just for the crime of being appointed to office by Sejanus. But those appointees in far-off provinces, they kind of had left them alone. And Pontius Pilate, though, was probably, and now this is conjecture, but I think it's pretty good conjecture, he was always nervous about it being brought to the attention of Tiberius that he was a Sejanus appointee. And so when the high priest, well, not the high priest. The priests and general, the scribes, starts crying to Pontius Pilate, you know, we want you to condemn this guy, and if you don't condemn this guy, we're going to tell Caesar. Now, why would he be concerned about any incident bringing his name up before Tiberius Caesar? Now, I just told you. And some think this is why Pontius Pilate goes along with this, even though he knows that Jesus is not guilty of any crime that he should be executed for. But his initial response was he finds out that Jesus is Galilean. Okay, well, guess who's in charge of Galilee? Herod and Tipas. And Herod and Tipas just happens to be in town, Jerusalem. And so he decides to get rid of this hot potato by sending him over to Herod and Tipas. And when Herod and Tipas get a hold of Jesus, he thinks he might be John the Baptist come back to life. He heard that he's done these miracles. And so he apparently is very disappointed when Jesus refuses doing miracles for him. In fact, he won't even speak. And so, you know, he basically has him beaten, mocks him, sends him back to Pontius Pilate. And this does have the effect, however, of Pontius Pilate and Herod and Tipas becoming pals. And that's significant politically at that time because these two had been enemies up to this point. And I wish I had time to go into there's two major incidences where they had been fighting over years. Other and that they buried the hatchet over the situation here. So that's where we hear Herod Antipas the first.

21:09Then you have Herod Archelaus. He's starting off at Ethnarch, which means he inherited the bulk of Herod the Great's kingdom. And if you remember in the Christmas story, you know, they fled to Egypt, and then Joseph, when he comes back, Instead of going back to Bethlehem, you know, he goes up to Galilee, Nazareth. And does anyone remember there's a little statement explaining why Joseph decides to do that. He wants to avoid this guy, all right, because he's in charge in Judea. And as you've already heard, he was a nasty guy. And so, you know, knowing what had happened with the children and knowing he's the son of the guy who did that, he decides to go up to Galilee instead. And so he is over Samaria, Judea, and Edom from 4 BC to 6 AD. Notice he really doesn't remain in power for very, very long. And that's because he had such a bad reputation with the Roman Senate. And, of course, he is going to get in more trouble. And basically, the Romans depose him. And they send an actual Roman to take charge. And there's a couple of guys.

22:30Initially, Pontius Pilate comes in charge after this. That's the reason Pontius Pilate was on the scene, going back to him being kicked out. But initially, getting back to right after his daddy dies, the Jewish army proclaimed him king to replace Herod, but he is smart enough to know he's not really in charge, the Romans are. So he waits for his confirmation from Caesar. And so he goes to Rome. So does Herod Antipas go to Rome, guy that we just talked about. And the reason is, Herod was always changing his will. And originally, well, not originally, but at one point, Herod Antipas was supposed to get what he winds up getting. And then Herod gets mad at him, changes the will, and makes Archelaus get the bulk of the, you know, what's left of the kingdom. And so they both go. Antipas disputes the will, but ultimately Rome decides to honor the will of Herod. And by the way, when I say Rome, it's really Caesar Augustus. He was still living at this time. And so Archelaus, at least temporarily, gets the bulk of the kingdom. But then he, as I said, his rule is so harsh, there's constant complaints about him back to Rome. And so the Romans decide to depose him and they banish him and he dies in Gaul, which is today France. Okay, then you get to Herod Philip II, and to distinguish him from Herod Philip I.

24:01A lot of the texts will say Take Arch. And there's a lot of controversy about Philip I and Philip II, which y'all don't need to worry about. But anyway, the simple way to keep them straight is Herod Philip II or Herod Philip the Take Arch. And Taycharch just means ruler of a fourth. He gets a fourth of the kingdom. And his kingdom was actually the son of Cleopatra of Jerusalem and Herod the Great. He's not directly, well, he's not a full brother of any of the other brothers. He's a half-brother of all the other brothers. So he's put in charge, really, just a tiny part of Galilee, Bethsadia and Caesarea Philippi. By the way, Caesarea Philippi, he was originally Pannaeus, which is a pagan city, and he renames it in honor of Caesar and also himself, Caesarea Philippi.

24:58And then Bethsadia, he rebuilds that and builds it up. And Jesus walked through the streets of both those cities. And his kingdom is the least Judaized because most of his kingdom is actually up in what is today Lebanon and Syria. And just a little piece of it came down to the Galilee region. And this is Caesarea Philippi at the time he was, and this is also the time of Jesus. And you notice. Is very pagan. You got pagan temples all over the place, and there's a Groto to Pond, you know, the Greek god Pond.

25:37You know, there, there's a big cave, and there's a big religious center there at Caesarea Philippi. And then it's there, you know, big natural springs. In fact, some of those springs come out of that cave. And that's the source for the Jordan River. And that is what he made as his capital. And then, of course, he also developed the fishing port Betsadia, there, northwest shore of Lake Gennesaret. And he enlarges it, and he renamed it as well, you know, in honor of the wife Augustus. And he is the one that married Salome, who is the one who danced for Herod Antiphas to get John the Baptist's head. Okay. And remember, it is of Betseta that Jesus, Matthew 11, 21, said, Woe to you, Charizon, woe to you, Bethesda, for if the mighty works had been done in Tyre and Sidon, which were done in you, they would have repented long ago and sackcloth and ashes. And that is what one artist thinks Beseta looked like at those times. And of course, it doesn't look so good today there. All right. So you got the grandson, Herod the Great, Herod Agrippa. All right, now he is. Made Tatarch of the provinces formerly that Philip II Tektarch, the one we just talked about, he died without heir. And so he's going to inherit that. And ultimately, he's going to, for a brief period, have the restored kingdom of all of Herod the Great under his control, very, very briefly.

27:21And the reason for this is Herod Agrippa was buds with Caligula, which is scary. You know, Caligula is a pretty weird guy, but they were friends. And so Caligula will later give him the title king. And this made the Apostle James the Elder to death. This Herod Agrippa I put the Apostle James the Elder to death. Cast Peter into prison. That's in Acts 12, 1 through 19. And then on the second day of a festival held in honor of Claudius, you know, sometime later, he appears in the great theater of Caesarea.

28:02And let me back up. You see, that's Caesarea. Remember, this is a city that's an artificial harbor just built by Herod the Great, you know, still going great at this time. He also put a great horse rink there, racetrack. And then he built this great theater over here, and then over there is a palace jutting into the ocean. And a lot from the New Testament is mentioned in this picture here. That arena is the institution. That we're about to back up with. And let me go right there. This is actually a description by Josephus. It's also mentioned in the New Testament. The king came in, clothed in magnificent robes in which silver was a costly, brilliant material. It was early in the day. The sun's ray fell on the king, so the eyes of the beholders were dazzled with the brightness which surrounded him. The robe was, you know, silver thread and is dazzling. And voices here and there from the crowd exclaimed that it was an apparition of something divine. And when they spoke and made an oration to them, they gave a shout, saying, It's the voice of a God and not of a man. But in the midst of this idolatrous ostentation, this is Josephus, he writes that way. An angel of God suddenly smote him, and he was carried out of the theater, a dying man, died A.D. 44. And then, of course, let me, here's what Acts says: On an appointed day by Herod, put on his royal robes, took his seat on the throne, and delivered an oration to them. And the people were shouting, the voice of a God, not of a man. And immediately an angel of the Lord struck him down because he did not give God the glory. See, Josephus doesn't mention that. And he was eaten by worms. It's kind of funny. You know, Herod also was eaten up by worms. I didn't mention. That to y'all last time. But so, pretty, pretty nasty way to go. All right, so that takes care of Herod Agrippa I. Herod Agrippa II, he's educated in Rome at the court of the Emperor Claudius. And at the time of his father's death, he's only 17 years old, and therefore, he really wasn't ready to take over. So, Claudius, who's emperor at the time, holds him back in Rome. And instead, he sent Cuspius Fadus to be procurator of the Jewish kingdom. But as time goes on, Herod does give him some position. You got Herod of Chalcis, and that's a whole other Herod I don't want to get into. In 48, he had a small kingdom up in West Syria today, and when he died, childless, that's given to Herod Agrippa. But Herod Agrippa is also, with that, given the appointment of being superintendent of the temple in Jerusalem, which was, you know, big, that's huge money, all right, to be in charge of the temple because the temple was a cash machine, okay, in many ways.

31:14And so, and, you know, and then in 53, Claudius appointed Agrippa governor of a much larger Tatarchy that formerly belonged to Herod Philip II. Okay, so could we do this animation one more time? I might ask you to stop it a couple. Times this time. I know I showed this to you last time, but this is just such a good animation of what the temple perhaps looked like. It's just massive. How many football fields they say it was? 20 football fields.

31:50Stop right there. Those doorways it showed you going through, it said it took 200 people to shut them. All right, keep going. When you get behind the curtain, let's stop. This is not the veil, this is just the outer curtain. They also had doors there, too. They're not showing. Stop right here. Go for it just a little bit more. All right. Now, on one side, what have you got? On the right-hand side, you see that table over there?

32:21That's the showbread. Directly in front, there's an altar. What's that? That's incense. On the left-hand side, it's not showing up very well. That's the menorah. And guess what the walls are made of? Solid gold. Solid gold. Keep going for it. And you can see the menorah bear there. And that's the veil that ripped when Jesus is crucified. And of course, there's nothing in there. Why? Yeah, the lost ark. Adi Jones is still looking for it. Oh, Okay, so anyway, can we go forward again?

33:07Okay, so around 59 AD, Herod, now, you know, he had two sisters, and Bernice is one of the sisters, and he was always everywhere with Bernice. And there's some implications that there's an improper relationship between him and his sister, and I'll just leave it at that. But you have the showing up, you know, in the New Testament, famously in the book of Acts, you've got actually a very detailed instance of Herod, Agrippa II, having a conversation with the Apostle Paul. You know, the Apostle Paul had been down in Rome, had been falsely accused of, you know, defiling the temple, and arrested, and, you know, they had to sneak him out of there because the Jews had taken this pact, the fact they were going to starve themselves until one of them could kill Paul. And they wind up taking him all the way over to Caesarea Marantima, you know, that city that Herod built so many years before with our official harbor. And there you have this famous scene. And how much time we got? Not enough. Okay, so you have this whole situation probably took place. See where the horse track is, and then you got this building jutting out into the ocean there.

34:36That shows that's a much better depiction of it. That is the palace of Herod the Great that he built, and it continues on to be palaces for, you know, later on Roman officers and then different other Herods. And this time, it's also the palace of Herod, well, actually, it's not even the palace of Herod Agrippa II, but this is where this incident takes place, right there in that palace. Beautiful location for this. This shows one of the, there's actually two square compounds, and this shows one of these, the interiors. You know, they had the pool in the middle there. Very, very beautiful. And this is also interior. And I suspect there's probably either that lower level or upper level is where they set up. And, you know, it's overlooking the ocean there. And that's probably where this conversation took place, you know, there with Paul.

35:31And, of course, you know, Herod, Agrippa, you know, Paul basically just gives the gospel. You know, just basically preaches the gospel to Festus. And you see, Festus was hanging out with the other sister. Oh, it left my head. Bernice, what's the other sister? Drusilla, thank you. Drusilla. And so Herod and Agrippa II. And Bernice are there for a visit, and Festus, some suspect that Festus is trying to get Paul to bribe him. And anyway, they bring Paul in, and almost like he's the entertainment for them. And they have this hearing to decide what to do with Paul. And of course, Paul basically just preaches the gospel to them. And at one point there, you have Herod Agrippa saying, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian.

36:31And I don't know how sincere that was, but anyway. And then later on, he goes, says, This man could have been set free had he not appealed to Caesar. You see, Festus was trying to go back to Jerusalem, and Paul knew that he wouldn't get a fair trial back in Jerusalem. And so he appealed to Caesar. And of course, the points, you know, seems to be that Agrippa agreed with Festus that Paul had done nothing worthy of death and would have been exonerated.

37:00But anyway, of course, Paul goes on to Jerusalem. Ultimately, he's going to be martyred there. So, Herod Agrippa II is still ruling his areas there in Judea when you have the great Jewish rebellion break out. And he was unable to control the Jewish situation building up at that time. And, of course, of all the Herods, sometimes I get an impression that Jewish looking. At the situation, they see him almost the worst of the Herods because, you know, this is when the great Jewish rebellion breaks out and he takes the side of Rome. He goes down to Jerusalem, tries to persuade the would-be rebels not to rebel. Their response was to attack the palaces there that Herod had built and where he was staying. And he and Bernice barely got out of there alive. And of course, the rebellion breaks out. He sides with the Romans and is going to fight very bravely. In fact, he's wounded at Gamela. You know, there's a great massacre of the Jews there at Gamela. I did that in a previous session there, you know, one of these Jewish cities up there in the north. And he later, you have him sending soldiers to support Vesphasian. And this is at the time period, you know, Vesphasian is a general under Nero, the Emperor Nero. Meantime, the Emperor Nero is at the end of his reign. He's going to be overthrown in the midst of this Jewish rebellion. And you have the so-called Year of the Four Emperors. You know, starting in 68, you have this just constant overthrow of emperors. Yes, sir.

38:45Was this Nero's actions that incited the Jewish rebellion, or what started it? Oh, gosh, just a whole bunch of things. There's so much I had to leave out because this is a one-hour deal. And like Herod. Herod Antipas, no, Herod Agrippa I, during Caligula, you know, he was friends with Caligula. Caligula hears that there's this world-famous temple. Remember, and they don't have anything in their most sacred room of that temple. We call that the what? The Holy Holies. The Holy Holies. Well, those poor folks, they need a God. So he had declared, had the Senate declare him a God, and he had ordered that his statues be placed in every temple throughout the Roman Empire. And we heard that the Jewish temple did not have a God. He thought, those poor folks, they need a God, so I'll ship my statue over there. Okay? And they shipped at Caesarea Philippi, that's where it arrived, and they're going to move it to Jerusalem. Well, of course, Herod Antipas knew, no, Herod Agrippa, I can get my heritage confused. Herod Agrippa I knew that this would stage, the great Jewish rebellion would happen right then, you know, over that. And so he just kept delaying, delaying, delaying, delivering the statue. And then finally, he somehow persuaded Caligula not to push it, you know. But I mean, it was incidents like these. The Jews were constantly being stirred up and angered. And plus, it's just the nature of the Jewish factions.

40:30They were hostile to being, I mean, they were God's chosen people. They should not, you know, they wanted the restoration of Israel. And, you know, you see this throughout the Gospels where they would try to grab Jesus and make him king, you know, and, you know, Jesus would refuse to go along with that because they're looking for a military Messiah, a militant military society who's going to take over the entire world and the Jews will rule with him, you see. And this, this, you have all these different factions. You not only just have the Sadducees, the Pharisees, who are pretty extreme themselves, but then you've got a group called the Zealots. And they literally, their method to come to power is by killing any who opposes or blocks the way of this happening. And a lot of these guys are sort of now coming out of the woodwork. They're these zealot types, and they're stirring up rebellion. And when the Great Rebellion actually occurs, I think I told you all this last time. In the Great Jewish Rebellion, years ago, I did a paper on it when I was at AM. And you have three major factions inside Jerusalem who are fighting against the Romans. You know, Vesphasians laid siege to Rome, and they're fighting fiercely, but they're also fighting each other. They're killing each other. And one of the most horrible situations there, one of the factions during a Jewish, I forget what Jewish festival was, they request to come on the Temple Mount, which was controlled by yet another faction, and that faction said, Okay, lay down your arms, and we'll let you come in there, and you can take part in the festival. So they lay down their arms, they go into the temple compound, which is supposed to be sacred, and the other faction kills them, butchers them right there in the temple precincts. Which is insane because they needed those guys to help fight the Romans. They could even, you know, David Ben-Gurion, you know, the first president of Israel after modern Israel, they were having a big, you know, discussion. You know, you know, you have all these crises, all the Arab nations are attacking them, and there's oh, the Arabs are doing this to them, the Arabs are doing, and they're still doing this to them. And finally, Ben-Gurion, in this big argument, he famously stopped and he says, I just want you all to know, this is Johnson's worrying here, thank God for the Arabs. And they all, what are you saying? He says, Thank God for the Arabs, because if it wasn't for the Arabs, we'd be killing each other. All right, if you know anything about the state of modern Judaism, there is a lot of division within modern Judaism as well. But it was far worse back then, I would argue. And so, does that kind of sort of answer your question more than what you wanted? All right, so anyway, you got Vesphasian in the midst of this. Nero's overthrown, you got these other two generals vying for power in Rome, and his Army decides, no, you should be emperor. And so they declare Vesphasian emperor, and he decides, what the heck, I'll make a try for it. So he marches off, takes the greater bulk of his army, and his son Titus is left in charge of the siege of Jerusalem. And it is Titus who breaks through 72 AD, and he did not intend to destroy Herod's temple, but Jesus had said it's going to be destroyed. Not a stone be left upon a stone. And sure enough, the soldiers go berserk. And they, of course, you know, start ripping that gold off the temple walls, and they set fire, and the temple's completely demolished. And of course, later on, whatever is left at that point, you're going under Hadrian, the emperor of Hadrian, which is fast-forwarding a couple decades, you got the Barakashaba. I'm saying that wrong. How do you say it? Barcashba. Huh?

44:27Barakashba is good enough. Barakashaba rebellion under Hadrian. And in that rebellion, the Romans are so fed up with the Jews rebelling again and again and again that they just utterly demolished everything there in Jerusalem. And where the temple was, they built a temple to Jupiter, right? And, you know, just make it completely into a Roman city. And Jews were forbidden to live in Jerusalem for a while. That's not the first time, too. That happened briefly with the Muslims, and that happened.

45:00Time and time again. But anyway, you have Agrippa, he, you know, after that, and by the way, there's apparently Titus had a fling with Bernice. That's a whole nother wild story. And you got anyway, Herod Agrippa II becomes good friends with Titus. And so after the end of the great Jewish rebellion, he goes back to Rome and he's going to be made a praetor, you know, high government official position, and be rewarded for his loyalty to Rome. And it's while back in Rome that he also hobnogs with Josephus the historian, and they were actually contemporaneous. And it is Herod Agrippa II who apparently gave personal family documents, which had been kept very private for obvious reasons because there's so much dirt within the Herod family. And he handed it over to Josephus, and that's where Josephus got a lot of his information to write the antiquities. And that's why they're so detailed. And he, of course, then dies. Now, this, just to, I know y'all may be glazed over and everything. So I got this final slide. If you forgot everything else, here's a real simple one: you got the Herods. Herod the Great slew the children of Bethlehem. Herod Antipas, younger son of Herod the Great, not really a king, merely a Teitar. Ruler over a fourth of the kingdom, and he had John the Baptist killed, and he's also the one before whom Jesus was silent, you know, at his trial. And then you got Herod Agrippa, slew James, imprisoned Peter, this is Herod Agrippa I, and he's a grandson of Herod the Great. Then you got Herod Agrippa II, great-grandson of Herod the Great, and that's the one before whom Paul was tried. So, have we got our Herods straight?

47:00All right. Has y'all, anybody here ever been a little confused when you read the scripture? And, you know, you wonder, this is really confusing, you know. All right. All right, so it may still be, but hopefully, you at least briefly there got a glimpse of the proper order and why they played a role in the New Testament. And I think it's somewhat the thing that really amazes me about this is how these guys think they're in charge.

47:29And we know, and when we read scripture, who's really in charge. You know. And yes, Jesus and all the stuff they did, you know, obviously, y'all don't remember these guys, you know, you know, but who do we remember? And who does the world remember? It's Jesus, you know. And it's just astonishing. And just remember that in the politics that are going on today, in the midst of all the confusion, all the chaos, we as Christians. Should take comfort that in the midst of all this, his purpose is being worked out. God is on his throne. Don't get too upset about the way stuff's going on around you. And what you need to do is be part of that behind-the-scenes movement that is bringing in the kingdom. And of course, we have this great host about us. The harvest is white, white into harvest, and we need to be about helping to bring in the harvest. So, Brother Kevin, would you close us out in prayer? Please, sir.

48:38Heavenly Father, just thank you for this time. I thank you for the time that Pat spent in all of his life studying history and able to communicate to us. So, thank you for your scriptures and for the history that backs them up and tells us that you are truly on the throne of all the universe and is now bringing back to your kingdom and your Lord. In Jesus' name, amen. One postscript, in the slides, I forgot to tell you something. Remember, Herod Antipas, all right, he was a Tatarch, married to Herodias. Herodias' brother, Herod Agrippa, you know, because he's piles with Caligula, gets the title king. Well, Herod Antipas gets jealous that he gets the title king, so he goes back to Rome. Rome with Herodias, and she's the one apparently pushing him on this. And she, by the way, helped her brother get his position. But then Herod Agrippa sends a messenger behind Herod Antipas, torpedoes his request for king, and actually got him stripped of all his possessions. I mean, they were knifing each other relentlessly. And that's when Herod Antipas is stripped of his possessions, and he too had to go to Gaul and is exiled and dies in Gaul. And Herodias went with him. So that's good riddance with her. Okay, so so much for that, and y'all can head for breakfast.